Pineapple Jelly Enzyme Lab free essay sample

Ms. Balmer Pineapple Jelly Enzyme Lab Discussion After completing the Pineapple Jell-O Enzyme lab, the final results were that the canned pineapple formed the jelly while the fresh pineapple did not. Pineapple In order for this to have occurred, there has to be a comparison between fresh and canned pineapple in terms of their physical and chemical properties. The physical properties of fresh pineapple are that it is sweet, ripe and raw. These properties make fresh pineapples very healthy and delicious to eat. The chemical properties of fresh pineapple are that it contains bromelain, vitamin C, antioxidants, carbohydrates and helps defend the immune system. Bromelain is an enzyme that â€Å"promotes the digestive process and helps to break down proteins in foods† (Jomard, 2007). It also breaks â€Å"collagen, preventing Jell-O from gelling† (Helmenstine, 2013). It is also used as an anticoagulant, which prevents blood clotting. Fresh pineapples also have â€Å"anti-inflammatory properties, which make it useful to reduce pain† (Botanical-online, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Pineapple Jelly Enzyme Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vitamin C is â€Å"important to the health of your immune system and enables your body to repair and grow tissue† (Cespedes, 2011). The physical properties of canned pineapple are that they are sweet and â€Å"it can be canned in various forms – slices, chunks or crushed† (Dalal, 2008). Canned pineapples are not as fresh or nutritious as fresh pineapples. The chemical properties of canned pineapple are that it is used in gelatin desserts. It does not have bromelain because of the canning process. Fruits that might have the same anticoagulant properties as pineapple are â€Å"cherries, cranberries, blueberries, grapes, strawberries, tangerines and oranges† (Simmons, 2012). Each fruit does not provide the same type of action because each provides different types of nutrition. Chefs use chillies to make pineapple jellies is because to add some flavor in the jelly and also that chilli is considered an alkaline, meaning that it has a pH greater than 7. The three sources of experimental error for this lab were that, 1) either too much hot or cold water was poured in the beaker for fresh or canned pineapple, 2) either too much Jell-O powder was added in the mixture and 3) either too much canned or fresh pineapple was added in the mixture. The suggested improvements for these errors would be, 1) to be more careful while applying water to the mixture, 2) to be careful by adding the right amount of Jell-O powder into the mixture and 3) to be careful by adding the right amount of canned or fresh pineapple into the mixture.

Sensory adaptation Essay Example

Sensory adaptation Essay Example Sensory adaptation Paper Sensory adaptation Paper Behavior rests on an understanding of the biological basis of the nervous system – the receptors. Efforts should be made to understand the relations between stimuli and sense organs and the processes associated with sense organs and their connectors, as well as the selective input called perception (Atkinson et al., 2000). While an individual gets his information about the world around him from his sense organs, his interpretation of these stimuli impinging on his senses will depend on his perception (Coren and Ward, 1989). Sensory adaptation is any reduction in sensitivity to stimulus as stimulation persists through time. Sense organs have the capacity to adapt to stimulus when such stimulus persists for quite a time (Coren and Ward, 1989; Atkinson et al., 2000). Sensory adaptation affects all of the individual’s sensing areas. For example in visual adaptation, this is due to the difference in the action between the rods and the cones. After five minutes in the dark, for instance, the sensitivity of the cones decreases. The rods continue to adapt and increasingly become more sensitive. Hence after about thirty minutes, one can distinguish things quite clearly in the dark. After coming from a dark movie theater, one may temporarily be blinded by the glare of the light from outside. Adaptation to light takes shorter than adaptation to the dark. Adaptation to light is called photopia while adaptation to dark is called scotopia (Andreassi, 1989; Atkinson et al., 2000). Theories of color vision include the Young Helmholtz theory which encompasses the Three-fiber theory and the theory of photo-chemical substances. Another is the Hering theory which is also called Opponent-colors theory, Wundt’s theory, the Von Kries theory and the Ladd-Franklin theory which help elucidate the visual phenomenon. The Young Helmholtz theory assumed that colors are but the result of combining three fundamental or primary colors – red, blue and green. Young assumed the existence of three different kinds of nervous fibers in the retina that react specifically to these colors with their corresponding preceptors in the brain center. This theory was further developed by Ludwig von Hemholtz. This was later revised to the theory of photo-chemical substances (Andreassi, 1989). On the other hand, in the auditory phenomena, several theories help explain how this occurs. Loudness for instance, according to the Place theory of pitch, is associated with spread of excitation – a more intense stimulus affecting more of the basilar membrane than a weaker one (Andreassi, 1989). In the olfactory sense aspect, not all gases react with the organ of smell to set up sensation of odor – hence, only those gases that do react are called odors or smells. The stronger the sensation of odor, the more odorous gases comes into contact with the organ of smell. Hence, one has to take a big sniff in order that the odors can penetrate up to the olfactory epithelium (Coren and Ward, 1989). While the sense of smell is highly developed in animals, it is relatively mildly developed in human beings (Coren and Ward, 1989).

Multiple Questions on History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multiple Questions on History - Essay Example On the example of FARC it is clearly seen that this theory works. The group of people was gathered in order to protect the interests of oppressed people in the rural areas of Columbia. Another peculiarity of Focoist theory is that it was initially invented for developing countries. Thus, when Che Guevara’s theory is criticized, it may be argued that it is initially â€Å"Guerrilla War†. Revolutionary war in China has its specific laws as well. Mao Zedong has suggested strategies of revolutionary war in his well-known essays 'On Practice' and 'On Contradiction' (1937). Zedong makes an emphasis on revolutionary upheaval, which is based not on instantaneous protests, but is also confirmed by deep knowledge and profound historical experience of a nation. Maoism has guerilla roots as well. Still, unlike Che Guevara, Zedong makes an emphasis on the necessity of a proper education of a nation with regards to revolutionary issues. Question 2Atomic weapon influence on military t heory after WWII Thesis: A creation of atomic weapon after WWII signified an international pace for strategic preparation against hostile moods of the world. Atomic weapon was a serious intimidating factor uprising those countries, which owned it and diminished power of countries, which did not have it. An inevitable development of atomic weapon was propagated by its supporters and developers, such as Lawrence, Alvarez, Teller and others. They claimed that it was wise for the United States to protect their nation against intimidating factors of potential hazards caused by atomic weapon. Nevertheless, the fact that  Atomic Energy Commission forbade development of atomic weapon for America may be explained by two main reasons: a lack of technology development in this field : â€Å"Oppenheimer believed that the atomic forces of the United States would be more effective if they consisted of many large fission weapons (of which multiple bombs could be dropped on the same targets) rath er than the large and unwieldy predictions of massive super bombs, for which there were a relatively limited amounts of targets of the size to warrant such a development† (History of nuclear weapons, 2011). Consequently, it is evident that a significant shift happened in military theory. After WWII atomic weapon was mentioned as a powerful tool regulating diplomatic policies and controlling over them in the post war period. Question 3 Evolution of US military approaches in Vietnam Thesis: from thousands of hostile attacks to diplomatic negotiations, - these were limits of American political strategy in the war of Vietnam. In order to support policies of the South’s government, America sent in 1963 6,000 of forces to South Vietnam. Starting from 1965, Johnson triggered the war, bombing North Vietnam and these attacks mounted up to in 1968. During times of Nixon, starting from 1968 policies of Vietnamization was promoted. America made an attempt to destroy Communism in Vi etnam in 1970. There is a gradual evolution of military policies in Vietnam: from hostile moods to diplomatic agreements. For the American history this war was the longest one. In the result of war in Vietnam 2 mln lives were gone and 60,000 deaths among Americans emerged. South Vietnamese should be protected by the American government from totalitarian regime. Moreover, it should be noted that this lesson of war

Low Production and High Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Low Production and High Unemployment - Essay Example A change in either the demand or the supply will cause a similar shift of the other. However, for an economy to experience sustained economic growth and equilibrium, it must step up its factors of production such as labour, capital, and land. Several economic indicators depict the state of an economy and the stage (Frenkel, Razin 29). The Growth Domestic Product (GDP) is a total market value of goods, and services produced and consumed, investments, minus government spending plus the exports minus the imports. A GDP of a country depicts what is happening now in an economy. Rises in the GDP depicting a rise in the economy while a drop in the GDP depicting a recession. In this scenario, country A has a RGDP, which means that its GDP has fallen. Its economy has shrunk, by the amount of the GDP drop. A Second indicator of an economy is the rate of unemployment that describes an economy after it happens. An increase in the rate of unemployment depicts a lagging economy. A country is said to be in a long run economic equilibrium when no firm in the industry wants to leave or enter the market. In this state, no existing firms make losses and those entering the market make losses. Every firm produces at the efficient cost of production and the maximum profit they can make is zero. This means that price is equivalent to average cost of production (Osborne Web). ... In country A, high levels of unemployment depict a recession. Country A is not in an equilibrium state, meaning that it has to undertake some fiscal and monetary policies to take it to this level. A fiscal policy is a tool used by the branches of government via either spending or taxes to attain a desired change. It is an act done with a conscious mind and geared towards effectiveness and efficiency. For country A that is in a recessionary period, imposing taxes will make the situation worse. Therefore, first, country A will have to increase government spending in the areas it deems fit. This king of fiscal policy is called expansionary that increases the government spending and decreases the taxes. This will increase the government budget deficit to increase and lead the country to a long-run equilibrium. According to Keynes, a government can achieve a real GDP every year through market mechanisms where it influences prices and wages, which they assume to be flexible. They believed that in a recessional economy one should not wait for the prices to go down but instead an expansionary fiscal policy can be used. The government should ensure that its spending is higher than the current tax receipts. This way the level of unemployment will fall as the unemployed persons get to work in the government projects increasing their purchasing power. Secondly, the government can engage in purchasing of bonds to release more fund to the corporate and to individuals. As people gain purchasing power, they will invest in various categories of businesses or even purchase goods increasing demand. Price levels will go up, employment levels going up and eventually raise the RGDP. Thirdly, to achieve a long run

Ethnic Diversity Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Diversity Essay 2. Discuss the effect that modernization has had on ethnic identification and ethnic conflict. The effect modernization has had on ethnic identification and ethnic conflict is not a great one. Early modernization theorists, who were quite optimistic about the positive effects of literacy, urbanization, and modern values, clearly underestimated the extent to which these factors might mobilize various ethnic groups and set them against each other (Handelman, 2011, p. 113). Modernization challenged traditional religious, national, and tribal identities by undercutting traditional ethnic practices and values. A huge part of current modernization is globalization, which pose an even greater challenge. The long-term effect of the expanding â€Å"world culture† advanced by globalization are not entirely clear (Handelman, 2011, p. 114). Globalized culture can create a backlash and increase tensions between neighboring communities as not everyone can ethically identify with each other. 3. What are some reasons that might explain why major civil strife related to ethnicity has declined in the last 10-15 years? Some reasons that might explain why major civil strife related to ethnicity has declined in the last 10-15 years are statecraft, constitutional arrangements and external intervention. In addition, the transition to a democratic government has aided in the decline. Faced with common critical environmental, social and economic matters for the previous 10 to 15 years, different ethnic groups came to what socialist have called a culture of accommodation. Accommodation is the practice which contradictory groups make a mindful attempt to make working arrangements with in them which then suspend the conflict and make their relations more acceptable and reduce wasteful energy.

The Problems with Abortion and Solutions Essay -- Abortion Pregnancy M

The Problems with Abortion and Solutions Abortion is referred as the termination of a pregnancy or of a fetus that is incapable of survival (Dictionary.com). Abortion is morally wrong and illegal because the fetus is a person. It is the same thing as murder. The reasons people have abortions are they are not ready to handle the responsibility of another human being, the fetus may have a birth defect, mother’s heath is an issue, rape, or simply because they don’t want any more children (Abortioninfo). The majority of people that have abortions are teenagers. Abortion is flat out wrong and should be banned. Being that abortion is immoral no matter the circumstances, justifies the need for a law to make it illegal. Abortion has been taking place since the beginning of time. It was not called abortion back then. Pregnant women were abused which caused their children to be born prematurely. Their children were either killed or left to die (Abortioninfo). Today, this procedure is way more intentional and is decided on by the mother or as the fetus knows it; their home for the next nine months. Abortion has become so common these days, that there are various ways of terminating an unwanted pregnancy. The RU-486 pill is a type of drug that produces an abortion after the mother misses her first period (SilentScream). This pill causes the blockage of a useful hormonal nutrient that causes the fetus shrivel up and die. This pill is used when the fetus is about two to three weeks old (SilentScream). The fetus has a beating heart and brain waves that move rapidly. This drug has many side effects which can be lethal. These side effects consist of liver damage, kidney destruction, heart muscles co mpromise, pulmonary failure... ...ly members. Those choices are much better than killing an unwanted child and they wouldn’t lay to heavily on the mother’s conscience. There is a slightly good chance of abortion becoming illegal in the years to come. Our President, George Bush recently signed a ban on abortion and plans on taking it to court to make it illegal (Entous). This ban will cover partial-birth abortions. This type of abortion has been the subjects of many disputes and failed to make it to court. Many people were outraged and upset because it didn’t protect women’s rights. Who knows if abortion will ever become illegal? The way the world is going, it may never become illegal. Our values and morals have diminished and things may continue to worsen. As long as America has a strong president that stands up for what he believes in concerning the issue, we may one day see it happen.

Heritage Listed Sites- Should It Be Open to Public or Kept Private Essay

Did you know that there are 962 properties listed as heritage sites in the world? As we aware the Kakadu National Park, Uluru, Shark Bay and Great Barrier Reef in Australia are also listed as world heritage sites. However, there are currently 38 properties listed in danger because of various reasons; unable to support with technical, scientific expertise in some areas or â€Å"pollution, uncontrolled urbanization, unchecked tourism† (Amanpour, 2012) in many cases. UNESCO (2013) states that the Tourism impacted on the sites greatly since â€Å"the world heritage properties are among the most popular and heavily promoted tourist destinations in many countries. The dramatic current and projected growth of international and domestic travel represents both challenges and opportunities for World Heritage Sites and surrounding populations. Poorly managed tourism at a site can pose major threats to heritage in all of its forms and degrade the quality of the visitor experience†. For instance, The Great Barrier Reef was declared as a world heritage area in 1981, there have been more than two million people visited the reef each year and generated more than â€Å"$AU2 billion in tourism dollar, making tourism a major earner for the north-eastern Australian economy† and also gave negative impact that damaged fragile corals by reef walking, polluted in the water with human activities not only fuels from boats but associated with †run -off sweat and suntan lotion† affected on the reef environment (Australia Government, 2007). There is a question arose for the heritage listed sites whether it should be open to public or kept private in order to protect and conserve them. It is a controversial topic on the public access to the heritage listed sites; some people may say that the sites should be kept in private in order to protect the area, or some say it should be open to public so it will bring the great benefit to economy. W hile tourism can provide a way to educate the public on the importance of the reef, the constant flow of people over a few select areas of the Great Barrier Reef region can also pose some problems†. A director of Centre of Future Studies believes that â€Å"There is a conflict between environmental concerns and commercial interests† in terms of heritage listed sites (SMH, 2006).It will be discussed the potential benefits and damages for both cases and solutions that can compromise the benefit and the issues. World Heritage Listed Site refers to â€Å"a place (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that is listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) as of special cultural or physical significance.† as per Wikipedia (2013). There are 190 states parties ratified The World Heritage Convention, as of September 2012, to help these countries with heritage listed sites in terms of maintaining and conserving the sites ( UNESCO, 2013). By all means that a place listed as world heritage site, the place will be supported by UNESCO in relation with protecting and maintaining the sites with well structured plan. W hat is it that makes the sites so important; many countries have formed as ‘rescue team’ to protect the heritage sites? There are a number of reasons as the following: It is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage is both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa’s Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world’s heritage (UNESCO, 2013). In addition, the heritage listed sites reflects the way the past lived, thoughts or even the changes geographically over the time in the area which is a great source for researches and studies, the sites also involve the culture of the society. The World Bank defines â€Å"culture as the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions, and beliefs† (cited on Endresen, p 5). Janet Stephenson, of Dunedin, who is New Zealand historic places trust representative states the importance of the heritage listed sites as â€Å"this is something you don’t get in a museum and †¦ each of these places has heritage role† (cited on Allan, D. The South Times, p19). Also, Australian Government states the importance of heritage listed sites for education, it is important to â€Å"inspire students to explore our unique world heritage listed places and develop an appreciation of heritage values. An understanding of heritage place in Australia and their significance in the world will encourage young people to appreciate and help preserve them for future generation† (Environment Government, 2011). As mentioned earlier, it leaves a big question on how to protect the heritage listed sites, should it be open to public or kept private? There are number of reasons it should open to public. First of all, it can bring great benefits monetarily to local and country as whole, according to Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia, it increases wealth of local community, in which the heritage listed site is located, and enable to promote the areas to domestic and international visitors. Harriott states the marine tourism industry is a major contributor to the Australian economy, with an estimated direct value in excess of $1 billion (Wachenfeld et al, 1998 cited 2002, p12). For example, Australian icons such as Uluru , The Great Barrier Reef, and The Tasmanian Wilderness attracted a great number of visitations for both nationally and internationally which was result of heavily featuring in Tourism promotion since the sites listed as world heritage (Shark Bay, 2009). By the booming in Tourism, the area needed more facilities to accommodate the visitors with hotels, restaurants, retail shops and entertainments which created employment opportunity. Producer groups such as construction firms, skilled tradespeople and unskilled workers benefited from extra work created in the heritage sector; also increased local and government income from worker’s tax (Abelson, 2000). Another example –Zhan-gjia-jie National Park, is China’s first national park and also well-known for the ‘Avatar’ Hollywood movie. For this reason, tourism has boomed in the region resulted in generating economic wealth, creation of jobs and development opportunities for local residents. â€Å"Zhan -gjia-jie receives up to 40,000 tourists a day during its high season† (UNWTO, 2011). Secondly, the positive economic impact gained through the profit in Tourism can lead to positive impact on Heritage sites- providing fund for site preservation and management: â€Å"In 1995 the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provided a $1.7 million grant to help preserve prehistoric cave paintings at 260 sites within the Capivara Park, a W orld Heritage Site in north-eastern Brazil. The grant included funding to improve roads in order to stimulate tourism as a source of income for local residents, thereby improving economic conditions and helping to reduce activities that were destroying the sites† (cited on Andresen, 1999, p8). Thirdly, â€Å"Visitors to World Heritage sites can learn about natural, cultural and historical characteristics† (Alberta, 2012) . Having a real experience of the heritage listed sites by touching, looking and feeling the existence of the property will be definitely different from learning by photos and story -telling. In spite of the benefits aforementioned, promoting Tourism can negatively impact on the sites itself and the environment due to constructions, pollution and over urbanization. The site will need to accommodate the tourists in hospitality needs; hotels, restaurants and bars, and with other activities to explore that sites, it cannot avoid having a development in the area. There are examples of heritage sites damaged from Tourism such as Angkor Wat which is a temple complex in Cambodia, and the Inca fortress of Machu Picchu in Peru are often cited as places of world-historical importance where a vast influx of tourists may be causing serious damage (The economist, 2012). Also, some researchers clearly demonstrate that The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral system in Queensland (Wikipedia, 2012), is being damaged (GBRMPA, 2009 cited on Great barrier reef foundation, 2009) and â€Å"lost half of its coral in the past 27years† ( Holland, 2012) by human activities such as fishing, mining, farming and unsorting rubbishes, University of Michigan also states that â€Å"the human based pollution caused such harm to our reefs needs to be stopped or reduced significantly if we wish to save this fragile ecosystem† . In addition there might be unwanted cultural changes, and â€Å"Demonstration Effect† (Endresen, 1999, p8) that comes from exposure to western culture and lifestyle due to tourism, sometimes is blamed for spoiling local culture. According to Endresen (1997, p7) unmanaged tourism can result â€Å"cheapening of culture and traditions; alienation and loss of cultural identity† in the heritage sites. Victoria Falls is the most relevant example in terms of the damages on the heritage listed sites from open to public, led to a various conservation challenges related to urban development, tourism pressure; invasive species; poaching; Water pollution and abstraction; and, institutional challenges (African World Heritage Fund , 2012) which may take up to years to get it recovered. It is critical to get those sites (not only Victoria Falls, but the other 37 sites as mentioned earlier) restored and preserved with our attention and care. On the other hand, if it is being kept private it will enable to reserve the area more efficiently as there isn’t access allowed for public so it can prevent from getting polluted and over-urbanized in the area. Also that helps to preserve damaged areas and get it re-stored as there will not be any restrictions to undergo the repair work. â€Å"The royal tombs, which are registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites, have not allowed public access for the reason of preservation. After going through maintenance and installing several convenience facilities, the tombs ar e now ready to welcome visitors† (visit Korea, 2012). W hat about the potential economic growth in their community or the country by developing the heritage site? The development will attract more tourists who like to visit the heritage sites and trigger increase of GDP through the economic activities made between tourists and locals which will lead to the development of the country as a whole. Various economists state â€Å"the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth† (Lim, 1997; Oh, 2005 cited on Chanchrat, 2011, p2). Since it is kept private, there will be forgone cost from not allowing the public access to the site and various parties will lose their potential benefit; the property owner loses in admission fees, local community loses in the benefit from involving active economy in the site area, and the government loses tax income from the sellers and buyers of the economic activity. According to UNICCO it is challengeable to â€Å"manage the future growth of the industry so as to minimise its negative impacts on the environment and host communities whilst maximising the benefits it brings in terms of jobs, wealth and support for local culture and industry, and protection of the built and natural environment† (1999, p21 cited on Endresen, 1999, p2), just like it challenges to keep the heritage sites protected so as to get economic benefit from being open to public. It is obvious that we need to conserve the listed sites at its best by keeping it private but it is, also, impeccable for people at present to get explored of what the ancestors inherited for us, and learn from it to make better future which will be inherited to future generation for our children. It can be protected while the heritage sites being open to public via a number of ways as below: First of all, the industry and the organisation should encourage the public awareness in regards to the importance of the heritage listed sites and the ways that we ca n contribute to protect them. By promoting education for the heritage sites with placing conservation materials at visitor centre will enable to increase public awareness in terms of the importance of those sites. â€Å"Build capacity for cultural management and protection of world heritage cultural asset† â€Å"Promote public awareness of the social value of world heritage sites and the importance of natural resources† (MDGIF, 2012) . For instance there can be TV commercial and donation program promoted by UNESCO just like UNICEF charity program we often see on TV and on airlines that will enable people to aware its importance and for them to practice the good manner when they visit those sites. Also by giving wrist band or badge to people who contributed donation, in recognition of their contribution which will increase the public awareness and helps for the fund needed to support the heritage listed sites. And also managing Heritage listed sites should be well -planned. â€Å"By promoting publicity- developed plan that identifies appropriate levels and types of use and necessary with building environmental awareness, conserving local ecosystem that will result in generating the income and employment for the local communities† (Alberta, 2012) Secondly, Responsible Tourism and Sustainable Tourism should be encouraged.â€Å"You can expect tourist numbers, visitor numbers to grow. And the high level of visitation should not damage the value of the site. So you should have a plan for sustainable tourism in the sites, for all the components† (Bali Daily, 2012). Responsible Tourism refers to tourism that â€Å"makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultur al heritage embracing diversity† and it believes â€Å"individuals, organizations and businesses are asked to take responsibility for their actions and the impacts of their actions† (Wikipedia, 2012). UNESCO states if tourism is undertaken responsibly, â€Å"it can be a driver for the preservation and conservation of cultural and natural heritage and a vehicle for sustainable development† Sustainable Tourism is â€Å"tourism attempting to make as low impact on the environment and local culture as possible, while helping to generate future employment for local people†¦ ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves † (Wikipedia, 2013). It also helps â€Å"to meet the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future† (World Tourism Organization cited on Pedersen, 2002, p20). Sustainable tourism relies on the development and emphasizes the delivery of quality visitor experiences within not damaging any of the property values or cultural values. According to UNESCO (2013) it requires effective, cooperative commitment and coordination between site management and all relevant public agencies and private enterprises in order to achieve the sustainable and responsible tourism development and visitor management. For example, International Hotel & Restaurant Association (IH &RA) and International Hotels Environment Initiative (IHEI) have helped in raising the public awareness in terms of environmental issues and provided practical advice with Action Pack to assist hotels, and other various industry association have also supported with codes and guidelines that can promote ‘Responsible Tourism’ (Endresen, 1999, p10). Thirdly, establish regulations. Government should establish appropriate regulations and tools to monitor and assess the heritage listed sites consistently in order to maintain them. Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Governments may require their departments and agencies to have regard for heritage considerations in asset management decisions: Organizations that have control of her itage assets also have a second service obligation. While they use assets in delivering their primary service, they are also responsible for the stewardship of the assets and protection of their significance for future generations †¦ The management of heritage assets should be viewed as an essential part of the management of the assets, rather than another problem and cost impost. Sustainable management of heritage values should be treated by an agency as part of its core business -GAMC, 2003, p13 cited on management of public historic heritage places, 2006, p193). In conclusion, tourism can impact on the heritage listed sites heavily either it damages heritage sites with unmanaged plans, conversely it makes a great contribution on conserving the sites as well as enabling the tradition to be alive from the profits made. It is impeccable that organization; manage any activities in relation to tour operation (travel agencies, airline s and government), should take into accounts in order to conserve the areas in relation to promoting public awareness of environmental issues. The business should be encouraged to design trip-packages that embrace nature resources and culture s. For example, star watch tour; photography tour; camping on the sites; refurbish local old buildings for accommodation; using solar powers and recycling water, composing and sorting the rubbish, to minimize the potential damage to the sites. It can be a good idea to promote rewarding system that allows entry for only certain organizations that practice the sustainability touri sm, to the heritage sites and offer them a cheaper rate of loan for future business. Reference Abelson, P. 2000. Valuing the Public Benefits of Heritage Listing of Commercial Buildings, Available: http://www.appliedeconomics.com.au/pubs/reports/heritage.htm (accessed 13 Jan 2013). African World Heritage Fund. World Heritage Sites and Sustainable Tourism: Situational Analysis: Victoria falls world heritage site, Report 2, Available: http://awhf.net/documents/Tourism%20 -%20Report%202%20%20Victoria%20Falls%20World%20Heritage%20Site.pdf (accessed 13 Jan 2013). Alberta. 2012. World heritage sites in Alberta, Available: http://www.albertaparks.ca/albertaparksca/management -land-use/nationalinternational-programs/world-heritage-sites-in-alberta.aspx (accessed 14 Jan 2013). Allan, D. 2000. Importance of heritage emphasised by experts. The Southland Times, 8 December, p.19. Fairfax, New Zealand. Amanpour, C. 2012. Conflict, natural disasters, tourism threaten UNESCO world heritage sites, Yahoo!News, 18 October, Available: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/around-the-world-abc-news/conflict-natural-disasterstourism-threaten-unesco-world-heritage-051557031.html (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Australian Government- Productivity commission. 2006. Conservation of Australia’s Historic Heritage Places, 21 July, Available: http://pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/heritage/docs/finalreport (accessed 17 Jan 2013). Australian Government. 2007. Great Barrier Reef, 30 December, Available: http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/great-barrier-reef (accessed 15 Jan 2013). 10 Australian Government: Department of sustainability, environment, water, population and communities. 2011. Australia’s world heritage, Available: http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/about/world/index.html (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Chanchrat, S. 2011. Thai Tourism and Economic Development: The Current State of Research, Available: http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2011/A1110061100224677.pdf (accessed 17 Jan 2013). Endresen, K. 1999. Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability, Available: http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf (accessed 15 Jan 2013). Erviani, N.K. 2012. UNESCO urges responsible tourism be imposed. Bali Daily, 26 September, Available: http://www.thejakartapost.com/bali-daily/2012-09-26/unescourges-responsible-tourism-be-imposed.html (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Graham, A.H. 2011. World’s most endangered sites, Travel+Leisure, October, p6, Available: http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-endangered-sites/7 (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Great Barrier Reef Foundation. 2009. The reef and climate change, Available: http://www.barrierreef.org/Research/WhyResearch/TheReefandclimatechange.aspx (accessed 19 Jan 2013). Harriott, V.J. 2002. Marine tourism impacts and their management o n the Great Barrier Reef, Available: http://crcreef.jcu.edu.au/publications/techreport/pdf/Harriott46.pdf (accessed 19 Jan 2013). Holland, M. 2012. Half the Great Barrier reef gone in under 30 years, says AIMS study, Herald Sun, 2 October, Available: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/half-the-great-barrier-reef-gone-inunder-30-years-says-aims-study/story-fncynkc6-1226486114293 (accessed 20 Jan 2013). 11 MDGIF online. 2012. Egypt: The Dahshur world heritage site mobilization for cultural heritage for community development, Available: http://www.mdgfund.org/content/dahshurworldheritagesitemobilizationculturalheritag ecommunitydevelopment (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Pedersen, A. 2002. World Heritage Manuals: Managing tourism at world heritage sties: a practical manual for world heritage site managers , UNESCO World Heritage Centre, France. Red Apple Education. 2013. Tourism, Available: http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s4_u-464_t-1263_c-4814/tourism/qld/// (accessed 19 Jan 2013). Sydney Morning Herald. 2006. Great Barrier Reef on the danger list, 23 September, Available: http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/great-barrier-reef-on-the-dangerlist/2006/09/22/1158431904450.html (accessed 15 Jan 2013). The benefits of World Heritage listing. 2009. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia, Available: http://www.sharkbay.org/what_is_world_heritage.aspx (accessed 11 Jan 2013). The Economist. 2012. ‘Living Treasure’, 12 July, Available: http://www.economist.com/node/21558560 (accessed 15 Jan 2013). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2013. World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, Available: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tourism (accessed 11 Jan 2013). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2013. World Heritage, Available: http://whc.unesco.org/en/about (accessed 11Jan 2013). University of Michigan. Human impact on Great Barrier Reef, Available: http://sitemaker.umich.edu/gc2sec7labgroup3/pollution (accessed 19 Jan 2013) Visit Korea. 2012. Closed Royal Tombs to Open to the Public, Available: http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/FU/FU_EN_15.jsp?cid=1773440 (accessed 18 Jan 2013). 12 Wikipedia- the free encyclopedia. 2012. Responsible Tourism, Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsible_Tourism (accessed 17 Jan 2013). Wikipedia- the free encyclopedia. 2013. World Heritage Site, Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites (accessed 11 Jan 2013). Wisegeek. 2013. What is world heritage site? Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-world-heritage-site.htm (accessed 15 Jan 2013). W orld Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). 2011. UNWTO and China open third observatory for sustainable tourism development , 19 July, Available: http://www2.unwto.org/en/press-release/2011-07-19/unwto-and-china-open-thirdo