The Is The Best Medicine For Any Illness- Is Usually Given...

Laughter- the best medicine for any illness- is usually given a positive connotation. However, in Japan, laughter is associated with insecurity, giving it a negative connotation (Hijirida 237). The difference in the simple acts of laughing exemplifies the differences between cultures. In Ethan Watters â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,† Watters not only further shows the differences between the Japanese and Western culture, but also builds on the relationship countries share due to such differences. In â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,† Watters talks about how Western civilizations use fear and manipulation to alter the deeply rooted values of Japan due to the Western self-interest in profit and its evolutionary superiority in the field of psychology. Cultural norms were created centuries ago and until this day, these norms are deeply rooted into cultures. While the world has become a mixing pot, cultures all around the world still differ due to traditions. Watters shows the differing definitions of depression by stating â€Å"a Nigerian man might experience a culturally distinct form of depression by describing a peppery feeling in his head,† in contrast to â€Å"A rural Chinese farmer might speak only of shoulder or stomach aches† (517). This example also shows how cultural distinctions are prevalent, not only between Eastern and Western civilizations, but also between two Eastern civilizations. Watters further states that the â€Å"culturally distinct symptoms oftenShow MoreRelated The Dangers of Metabolife Essay3943 Words   |  16 PagesThe Dangers of Metabolife Obesity: The term obese implies that one is very fat, extremely overweight, and often carries negative connotations. However the scientific definition describes obese in a non-judgmental way that simply expresses ones weight as a number, a certain body mass index (BMI). 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Societal Trends That Impact the Criminal Justice System

SOCIETAL TRENDS THAT IMPACT THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Suzie A. Anderson Everest University Online CCJ 1017-52 Criminology Jamie Onion April 8, 2012 Utilizing everything you have learned about crime and criminal behavior this term, you will now have the opportunity to think about the future of our society and how the criminal justice system should prepare. Identify and discuss the societal trends that will impact the criminal justice system over the next ten years. The societal trends that I see impacting the criminal justice system over the next 10 years are not as easy to identify as I once thought. It is a question that has baffled most since the caveman first broke into another caveman’s cave and stole his fruit. There are†¦show more content†¦Even if the prosecution believes that a suspect is guilty, they may decide not to prosecute due to a weak case or an erred procedure committed through the police. Not all decisions are directed through the lack of resources. There are times when political considerations or aspirations take the forefront of the criminal justice system. For instance, when an administrator of the police decides to do a crackdown on what are known as, public order crimes due to complaints from the citizens. Employees of the criminal justice system also make decisions based on what their own personal morality or values dictate. It is through these particular decisions that may make the criminal justic e system look unjust in the eyes of some observers as fair in the eyes of others. It all depends on their individual perspectives besides their own individual circumstances. References Friedman, L. M. amp; Percival, D. (1981). The roots of justice. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina press Givelber, D. (1997). Meaningless acquittals, meaningful convictions: Do we reliably acquit the innocent. Rutger’s Law Review 49 (2) p. 1317 Kattmanndawg. (2011, March 08). Which model of criminal justice is best suited to deal with crime problems of the future and why? Retrieved from http://www.askpedia.com/q/35904/which_model_of_criminal_justice_is_best_suited_to_deal_crime_problems_of_the_future_and_why .Samp, M.,Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Lgbtq Characters On Our Self Chosen Identities And Sexual Orientations Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesStreaming media (i.e. any electronic device that can access the Internet to view and download content) can help us understand why a popular culture trend is important to a particular culture and how it affects the rest of society. Thus, I will be looking at the importance of LGBTQ characters by using the ethnography of communication perspective. LGBTQ stands for: lesbian (females sexually attracted to females); gay (males sexually attracted to males); bisexual (males/females sexually attracted toRead MoreThe Major Theories Of Criminal Behavior And The Impact Of Crime On Victims And Society1580 Words   |  7 Pages Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour Describing and Evaluating the Major Theories of Cause of Criminal Behaviour and the Impact of Crime on Victims and Society London Foundation campus 1. Introduction Akers Sellers (2013) noted that there are various common theories that are pertinent to the study of crime as the extents of crime explanations range from the genetic/biological through to the economic and social perspective. Howitt (2012) divided these theories intoRead MoreAlgorithmic Decisionmaking : Finish Title Here1460 Words   |  6 Pageslocation relative to a Staples’ competitor. In another instance, Target came under fire for its marketing algorithm accurately sending a teenager information about pregnancy. As a result, when polled, 51 percent of Americans are concerned with the impact collecting personal information will have on vulnerable communities. Forty-nine percent are concerned about being able to have control of personal information, and 46 percent are concerned about companies using computer algorithms that may containRead MoreThe Impact Of School Policies And Analysis Strategies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"During the last twenty years, schools across the nation have dropped their values for suspending and expelling students. The subsequent trends in punitive policy enforcement are conspicuous in a great number of states. â€Å"The national number of suspensions has increased from approximately 1.7 million in 1974 to more than 3.3 million in 2006. More recently, during the 2009–2010 school year, a reported 3,081,240.55 children were suspended at least once. With reference to expulsions nationally, in 2006Read MoreAustralia s Drug Policies And Efforts For Change Es say1366 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States comparative approach to Australia’s Drug Policies and Efforts for Change For as long as we have been a nation there have been criminal elements. Criminal elements are nothing new and often time’s criminal behavior is part and parcel with substance abuse. When people think of substance abuse the images that come to mind are often the work of fiction and have little to no resemblance to what the individual users adheres to. Meriam Webster’s defines substance abuse as a noun, â€Å"OverindulgenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreSocial Issues Should Serve As A Guide Rather Than A Solidified Model3239 Words   |  13 Pagesinternally rather than outwardly (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011, Pg. 297-299). The impact of this conflict is a breeding ground for disruptive behavior and social unrest, the result of which perpetuates aversion within current and future generations. 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Stone, Slippery Rock University Abstract This paper will provide the reader with a firm understanding of the capital punishment, and its application in the justice system. Additionally, it will explain how capital punishment in the fields of criminal justice and criminology impacts society, and those who surround these fields. Multiple publications that examine capital punishment will be analyzed

Management and Organizations Telstra

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organizationsfor Telstra. Answer: Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the adhesive that comprises of values and rituals, serves to integrate all the employees in an organization, and governs how they behave in it. It is the description of an organization from within, describing the civilization (Alvesson 2012). Factors Determining Organizational Culture in Telstra Many factors influence organizational culture. Some of them are: Leadership The way in which the leadership team runs the organization influences the policies, procedures and regulations set for the workforce. The values and philosophies of the senior leaders in Telstra trickle down to the employees, who show equal amount of dedication like their leader. Nature of Business The operations, market situation and purpose of Telstra influences the behavior of its employees. Company Values, Policies and Work Ambience The workers of Telstra expand the values highlighted in its policies, procedures and work situation. The way Telstra is run, treats its employees, and flows information across its hierarchy are important elements to be considered, as these directly influences their organizational culture (Scott 2013). Environment The juridical environment can have an effect on Telstras organizational tradition positively or negatively. The financial atmosphere of the enterprise reflects the repute of the countrywide economic climate. The people of this organization are permeated with the principles, beliefs, and attitudes. The method and technology employed consult with the measure of technical donation and the kind of technologies used that have insinuations over the organizational tradition (Pinder 2014). Stakeholders The consumers that Telstra serves were at times an often-overlooked aspect, which put an effect on its organizational culture. These folks instantly have an effect on the workers well being. Recruitment The form of employees employed via Telstra has the largest result on its culture primarily when they are in excessive development mode and is rapidly including new staff. Telstra and Organizational Culture Telstras organizational culture is based on treating its customers like Big Pond users, serving people in a way that they make the customers use more data, pushing them to upgrade their plans (Theaustralian.com.au 2016). Organizational culture influences organizations practices, communication methods and philosophical stances of its workforce. It also helps new employees adapt to the companys work process. While implementing its customer-centric culture the Telstra management team faced the maximum difficulty. The management challenge was once getting the client to be the locus of everyone's agenda and philosophizing more widely than just what is the individual involvement (Financial Review 2016). In such situations, it is recommended for organizations like Telstra that the organization make the customer the ultimate arbiter in all situations that would in turn make the organization more responsive to the market and stop internal factionalism. Organization Structure and Strategy Business strategy is a functional sketch for achieving a group's mission and ambitions. Organizational constitution is the official design of a company's chain of command. Each and every method and constitution are essential elements of doing trade, and even businesses that do not have official techniques and constructions doubtlessly still have both in one type or in another (Grant 2016). Organizational structure is significant for any budding corporation to offer steerage and readability on detailed human resources problems, akin to managerial influence. Small-trade homeowners must be interested in a proper constitution early within the development stage of their industry (Ashkenas 2015). Elements of Organizational Structure: Geography How an institution is structured can depend on how many company areas are needed to account for of their planning. Different departments of Telstra are allocated to handle different responsibilities, and all are aware of the same due to a proper organizational structure. Number of Workers A significant worker populace can call for that there be a number of layers of administration for a manufacturer to ensue effectually. Telstra has more than 36,000 employees serving in consumer, small business and enterprise service departments, and around 3,000 are based outside of the country (telstraglobal.com 2016). Product Evolution An organization may kick off with a small line of merchandise that quilts a normal part of the industry. Because the manufacturer grows, they ought to create exact departments for product progress and manufacturing can influence the business organizational structure exactly what Telstra has been doing modernizing old business models or bringing in new products with the help of highly skilled employees. Distribution of Authority A groups organizational constitution is plagued by whether or not the corporation needs centralized administration or decentralized administration. Telstra is more inclined towards the centralized approach towards administration. Control A corporation that requires a larger product expanse could have stricter principles and a more regimented atmosphere. Telstra employees receive the proper freedom, at the same time work under strict company policies and stringent atmosphere. Market The market additionally has an attitude on how an enterprise is controlled. For illustration, a brand may make a decision to trade products by way of wholesalers as good as instantly to end consumers. Consecutively for this form to be triumphant, the organizational structure of the organization will have to be arranged to hold these essentials separate, together with a branched out advertising and marketing workforce and a separate earnings drive (Burke 2013). Telstra follows this strategy and gives ample importance to the market conditions. Functional and Divisional Structure of Telstra Functional structure: Sales, direct marketing, sales engineers Divisional structure: Corporate, Government, Business, Residential Challenges in Implementing When the Telstra administration is attempting to implement an organizational constitution, they will face problems considering the fact that initially there is not any constitution in position. Some areas of challenges are: Communication Part of the intent of a strong organizational constitution is to facilitate soft verbal exchange inside departments and from one division to a different. When one is attempting to enforce an organizational structure, they are functioning with an improvised verbal exchange community unless the designed community is put in place. This may result in data to be dropped or mis-communicated at each point of Telstra. Hierarchy The chain of command amongst managers and supervisors in Telstra would be puzzled without an organizational structure. Whilst they are enforcing a corporation outline, they will come throughout circumstances when more than a few managers or supervisors might just take on commanding roles they were not planned to have that can intent misunderstanding among the employees inside Telstra. Delegation When leaders are seeking to put into practice a brand new organizational structure inside Telstra, it could be tricky to correctly delegate accountability to departments or individual staff. It can be complicated for workers and executives of Telstra to have an understanding of their responsibilities when there was no professional delegation up to now. Cost Employing an organizational structure will also be highly priced. Throughout the time it takes to get a constitution primed, productiveness would probably be impinged on and the Telstra's capability to bring in income would drop. Imposing constitution approach is getting each person on to the same application systems for communiqu, accounting, production and planning. Recommendation An organizational chart must be planned that should be covering how Telstra would be looking in the upcoming years. Each position must be properly represented in the chart. Every members name and position must be added, along with accurate reporting structure. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Financial Review. (2016). 'Harder than renegotiating the NBN': David Thodey on transforming Telstra's culture. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/leadership/company-culture/david-thodey-says-changing-telstras-culture-was-harder-than-renegotiating-the-nbn-20160321-gnn1w9 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Scott, W.R., 2013.Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities. Sage Publications. telstraglobal.com, t. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.telstraglobal.com/about/about-telstra-global [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Theaustralian.com.au. 2016. The new caring, sharing Telstra. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/caring-and-sharing-as-telstra-tries-to-change-its-culture/news-story/021c56c4102b9bd6bc3b1cfe1693cf30 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016].

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Example

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Outline the key events in the life of Lenin Referential Lenin Referential was born on the 22nd August 1902 in Berlin and in her young life grew a developed skill in classical dancing which led to many of her experiences throughout her life. Refrigerants dancing career began in 1 921 and continued until 1 925, it was in this time that the expressionist movement was booming in Berlin and Referential became a central figure of this movement. She persuaded the leading theatre manager and producer, Max Reinhardt to sign her up as a professional dancer. Her dancing career although only lasting 4 years saw her traveling all across Europe, it ended abruptly after she suffered a major setback injuring her knee. Following her experience on the stage Referential began acting in 1 926 and starred in many films exhibiting the mountain genre. Her first film The Holy Mountain, directed by Arnold Fancy premiered in 1926 and officially began her acting career, which in the coming years would see her star in 5 more Fancy films. Referential was commonly depicted as the heroine of the films as he demonstrates her determination and bravery, carrying out the climbing scenes herself. By 1933 Lenin was a highly popular movie star in Germany. After staring in five films Referential spent much time with the directors of the film and as she felt fitting decided to begin directing films. The Blue Light 1932 was her first released directed film and exhibited the techniques she had experienced when filming with Fancy, for this reason her film was extremely well received by the audiences and was extremely successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her making of films she was persuaded to witness Hitler address the German public at the Berlin Rally, it is here that her fascination with the man was expressed to the point where she wrote a letter asking to meet him. Hitters response to Refrigerants request to meet with him was taken positively and in May 1 932 Hitler and Referential met at Wilhelmina on the Baltic Coast. It was in this meeting that Hitler asked Lenin to direct movies for his Nazi party and she quickly became part of Hitless inner circle. Triumph of the Will 1934 was Lenss first propaganda film depicted Hitler and his Nazi party. The film of the 1 934 Emergent Rally was shown only as a newsreel and not as a film, Hitler desired to see his rallies directed as a film so he gave Lenin unrestricted access to resources to guarantee that the film would be complete to the highest standard. She assembled her own film crew and produced a film that that was deliberately devised to promote the image of Hitler as the leader of German people. Lenin spent 5 months editing over 100000 meters of film before Triumph of the Will was released in 1935. Olympia was Lenss second directed film under the influence of Hitler, although it was not meant to be a propagandist film, it was widely perceived as this and was not appreciated for its originality and new techniques. After the initial release of the film Lenin traveled all around Europe and in 1938 she visited the United States, this visit coincided with the Night of the broken glass that led Americans to question Lenss involvement with the Nazis. This begun her rejection in America and led to her being blacklisted in 1938 as the head of the Nazi film industry Refrigerants life, with her involvement in the Nazi party was tested on her inclusion with the party and fell sick; she faced legal and financial struggles. She emerged again after a time in seclusion as a photographer traveling to Africa to capture tribes that had been untouched by the Western society. Her name, still sparking controversy leaves her legacy crushed, and will never be remembered without her inclusion in the Nazi party. She died on the 8th of September 2003 shortly after her 101 SST birthday as the great dancer, actor, photographer and director Of the propagandist Nazi films.

My Sexuality free essay sample

In our lives there are many people and events that influence your beliefs or things that you do as time goes on. Our sex lives are sometimes hard for us to talk about. We struggle to tell our children the facts of life, and we struggle to tell our partners what pleases us. Sex is personal, and, at its best, is an intimate treasure savored privately. We each want to please and be pleased, to feel warm, safe, and desired. Our sexuality is also sometimes hard to talk about. Events that happen in our lives and the people we bring into our lives change us as a person making it harder for some people to talk about their sexuality then it may be for others. I for one have had many contributions in my life that has caused my sexuality to be the way it is. Family happens to be one of the biggest contributions when it comes to my sexuality. We will write a custom essay sample on My Sexuality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parents are different when it comes to sexual intercourse at a young age. Fathers are always more open with their sons about it and less open with it to their daughters. When it came to my father it was exactly that. It was against everything in him to have sex before marriage. His parents were brought up in the 1920’s in Italy where it was against all morals to get pregnant or even have sex before marriage. My older sister got pregnant before she was done with high school and dropped out. When my grandpa on my father’s side had found out about her pregnancy he got extremely mad at my father because in his eyes it was my father’s fault she got pregnant before marriage. So I promised my father I wouldn’t shadow what she did and finish school. I felt like I could never come to my father for help when it came to guys because I felt that he would be disappointed in me for anything I did sexually. When it came to puberty, I couldn’t even ask him to be put on birth control because to him birth control gives girls a reason to have sex. â€Å"They feel â€Å"protected† when they are on the pill it, it will give them a reason to keep having sex. †, is what he always used to say. Though one thing he didn’t realize is that birth control not only helps you from getting pregnant, but it also helps with girls cramps during their menstrual cycle. Now, my mother was a bit different. She had told me that I don’t have to be scared to come to her, talk, and go to the doctor’s to be put on birth control if I thought I was going to get sexual in any of my relationships. Even if had to happen behind my father’s back. She made me feel more comfortable about any sexual encounters that I may have been involved in because I knew I could trust her about anything I had to talk to her about or anything I felt nervous about in my relationships. Religion is a big part of my life and also helped sculpt my sexuality. I had planned on being a virgin until marriage because in church I was taught that premarital sex is a sin. Though another concept that I learned in church is that Jesus died on the cross for our sins so they can be forgiven. Although, I had sex before marriage I do believe my religion does keep me from trying things like masturbation, kinky sex and pornography. Abortion is one thing that I am STRONGLY AGAINST. I believe that if you â€Å"think† you are ready and responsible enough to have sex that you should â€Å"think† you are ready and responsible enough for any of the consequences that come with your so called â€Å"readiness†. I don’t like when friends or acquaintances talk about getting abortions when they think they are pregnant. School has been another big impact on my sexuality. Classes and teachers always really pushed about waiting to have sex. When students were caught having any kind of sexual relationship in school they were suspended and if numerous offenses happened they were sometimes expelled. So basically they put in your head that sex was wrong. In health class you are taught about STD’S and how you should wait to have sex when older and when you feel you are 100% ready to take care of any consequences that may come. Also they try to talk to you and tell you not to be ashamed of your sexuality whether you are straight, bi or homosexual. Peer-pressure is a HUGE thing in school. Drugs, sex, and partying are three of the main things that are peer-pressured in high school. My friends and other peers were having sex at younger ages. They tried to persuade me to start having sex with boyfriends and/or start/try masturbation because they thought it was fun and/or thought it felt good. It wasn’t because they were in love. Being raped at a young age caused me to be more cautious on who I talk to, trust, and hang out with. I have more of an attitude to certain people I don’t trust or like. I hold a lot of grudges when someone does something to lose my trust. It takes a lot of time to build the to forgive them and for them to earn their trust back then before. The rape has also caused me to push people away that I believe come too close. One last thing it caused me to lose was a lot of self respect and self worth. I don’t feel comfortable being naked with significant others or even being naked around myself. It made me feel disgusted of myself. I also became pregnant by the rape which made me feel even worse and not only that I have been raising my son since age 14. Though it did help me to be more aware and cautious of who I hang around and who I bring around my son. It also has shown me that a lot of men are still to immature to be in a serious relationship and caused me to lose a lot of relationships because of their immaturity. I am getting better as years goes on to get over the rape and move on with my life but again there is some things in your life that you can never forget. Since we grow up with so many different influences and events that happen in our lives, it could be difficult for some to realize where our beliefs come from. Though the events in my life caused me to be more cautious and grow up faster then others have some of them would have been better off undone. To recognize or at least be aware of what caused my beliefs, attitudes and values has helped me in a variety of ways whether it helped me be more careful of the things I do or the people I keep my loved ones and myself around or even made me a stronger person. Factors in my life had even caused me to be sure of my sexuality and made me who I am today as a more mature and stronger women then I would have been if some of my life events haven’t happened.

Placebo Effect essays

Placebo Effect essays Medicines that are prescribed to patients can commonly have several effects. Some of the depend directly on medicines pharmacological action; others may have a psychological effect that readily cures or relieves the symptoms troubling the patient, though they may not have any actual pharmacological action. This is known as the placebo effect. The word placebo comes from the Latin verb placere which means, to please Or, placebo is any treatment devoid of any specific actions on the patients symptoms or diseases that somehow can cause an effect upon the patient. The placebo effect is a much-debated phenomenon in medicine. This paper will consist of three topics of discussion. First, what are the two categories of illness to be considered when discussing the placebo effect? Second, what does Pavlovs Theory have to do with the placebo effect and how it relates to stress-induced illnesses. Third, how does the placebo effect relate to the patient/doctor relationship? Does the placebo effec t have the same validity when measured against serious illnesses that typically respond to chemical treatments (such as cancer, Aids, and other bacterial or cellular diseases) as when measured against stress-induced illnesses or symptoms such as asthma, migraine headaches, or blood-pressure/heart conditions? When debating the effectiveness of the placebo effect, consideration must be given to two types of illnesses that car or cannot be affected. They are: stress-related illnesses such as hypertension, asthma, high blood-pressure, migraine and other types of headaches etc. versus genetically environmentally caused illnesses such as Cancer, Aids, heart disease, diabetes, etc. The stress related illnesses are said to show that when the placebo effect works it does so in 7 to 64 % of cases; however, the result are not the same when treating more serious illnesse...

Using and interpreting statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Using and interpreting statistics - Essay Example Statistics and biostatistics enabled medical practitioners to take apart authenticity from randomness and fiction as it steered organized reasoning, evaluation and decision-making, a vital component in the scientific sphere of medicine. Coupled to this are the advances in informatics' which made possible the treatment of huge quantity of data by highly developed and multifaceted analytical methods, refined samplings, or superior medical data linkage.Informational data from a study associated with childhood diabetes, informational data from a heart and lung surgery, and informational data from transfusion orthopaedic surgery were collected, tabulated and statistically treated with 95% confidence interval, risk ratio, probability, chi square, mean, standard deviation, standard error, regression.No category have a value of 4 or 13.33 percent gene A present while Yes category have a value of 14 or 46.67 percent. This means that there are minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A. The Sens itivity study of gene A is equal to 0.22222, which means that respondents with gene A and true gene A rate is quite low. Specificity is equal to 0.38095. This is almost one third of the probability of without gene A in health and true negative rate. The findings reveal that there is a 30% or 0.30 probability of gene A. This is also called the risk of gene A or the estimated probability.The probability of the exposed cases is equal to 0.4667 while the probability of the exposed in control is equal to 0.1333. The overall or total exposed has a value of 0.3000. With 95% confidence, the interval 1.410185 to 27.15574 contains the unknown mean . a) Based on the given informational data, the study design used is randomized controlled trial design. This is because it involved the random allocation of different interventions (or treatments) to subjects . b) The risk of childhood diabetes for individuals with gene A compared to those without gene A can be calculated using proportion statistics treatment of the data on Table 2. c) Yes, the data suggest evidence to support Ho: gene "A" is associated with childhood diabetes because 14 or 46.67 percent though indicating minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A, the Sensitivity study of gene A is equal to 0.22222. Thus, despite the low number of respondents with gene A its Specificity is equal to 0.38095. This is almost one third of the probability of without gene A in health and true negative rate. The findings reveal that there is a 30% or 0.30 probability of gene A in childhood. This is also called the risk of gene A or the estimated probability. d) This study aimed to find out if gene "A" is associated with childhood diabetes. The findings revealed diabetics under the No category have a value of 4 which is 13.33 percent gene A present while the Yes category have a value of 14 which is 46.67 percent. This means that there